Barack Obama scored some stunning victories Super Tuesday en route
to winning more states than Hillary Clinton: He defeated her by 79-17
percent of the vote in Idaho, 75-25 percent in Alaska, 61-37 in North
Dakota, and 57-39 in Utah. But to me, the biggest surprise is how well
Obama is doing in the South. After a victory over Clinton in
South Carolina, Obama handily outpolled the New York senator in Alabama
and Georgia and is expected to win in Mississippi and possibly
Louisiana. This is an amazing accomplishment in a region known as much
for its blood-soaked racial politics as it is for delectable food and
hospitality. As one who grew up in Alabama, I never thought I'd live to see this day. I
was 16 years old when Gov. George C. Wallace tried to block the
admission of two African American students, Vivian Malone and James
Hood, to the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, my hometown. That
televised "stand in the schoolhouse door" was in 1963, the same year
four little black girls were killed in the bombing of 16th Street
Baptist Church in Birmingham. The next year, in Georgia, future
Gov. Lester Maddox gained notoriety by closing his restaurant rather
than comply with the 1964 Civil Rights Act requiring him to serve all
customers. He stood in the door carrying a pistol as he denied service
to blacks. His supporters were in the background, wielding ax handles. Wallace
and Maddox represented a mindset that proclaimed that every white
person was superior to every African American. As a black child growing
up in the South during the 1950s and 1960s, I was reminded of this
depraved thinking at every turn. If I wanted to ride the bus, I had to
sit in the back. If I wanted a drink of water, I'd have to get it from
a "colored" fountain. And if I needed to use a toilet, it had to be one
designated for black males. The spirit of white superiority was enshrined in customs and laws. A look at those laws today is a stark reminder of the not-so-distant past: South
Carolina: "No persons, firms, or corporations, who or which furnish
meals to passengers at station restaurants or station eating houses, in
times limited by common carriers of said passengers, shall furnish said
meals to white and colored passengers in the same room, or at the same
table, or at the same counter." Alabama: "Every employer of white
or Negro males shall provide for such white or Negro males reasonably
accessible and separate toilet facilities." Georgia: "The
officers in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored
persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons." Those Jim Crow laws were in effect until the mid-1960s. Throughout
the years, both Democrats and Republicans have sought to exploit racial
tension in the South for political gain. In 1948, South Carolina Gov.
Strom Thurmond left the Democratic convention and launched a
presidential bid as a Dixiecrat after Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota
incorporated a civil rights provision in the party's platform. In
1964, Republican nominee Barry Goldwater decided to ignore the black
vote and seek the support of white Southerners opposed to
desegregation. He was soundly beaten but that did not deter Richard
Nixon from adopting a similar, this time victorious, strategy in 1968.
In 1972, Nixon had to split the white vote with George Wallace, who ran
as an independent. After Wallace was shot while campaigning in Laurel,
Md., and withdrew from the race, Nixon won every Goldwater state and
was elected president over George McGovern. Sending a strong
message to conservative white Southerners, Ronald Reagan kicked off his
1980 presidential campaign in Philadelphia, Miss., where the bodies of
three civil rights workers were discovered. Claiming 51 percent of the
Southern vote, Reagan defeated former Georgia Gov. Jimmy Carter in
every Southern state except his native Georgia. After Democrats
nominated Michael Dukakis, another ineffectual Northerner, for
president in 1988 and lost yet again, they finally countered in 1992
with a double-Bubba ticket - Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Al Gore of
Tennessee. Not only did the Clinton-Gore ticket win, it also was the
first time Democrats won the White House back-to-back since Franklin D.
Roosevelt in the 1930s. Hillary Clinton was hoping to capitalize
on her husband's popularity in the region. However, she has had only
mixed results, winning Tennessee and an uncontested Florida. Fortunately,
the South is vastly different from the South I knew during my
childhood. The University of Alabama has since elected an African
American as its student body president. Atlanta and Birmingham have
elected a string of black mayors; Alabama and Georgia have African
Americans in Congress. Public schools in the South are more
desegregated than in any other region of the country. As Obama continues to do battle with Clinton, he has already demonstrated that the South is forever a changed place.
Next Column:
A Big Mistake Omitting Floyd Little
Back To Columns |