Judging by the worldwide reaction to the tsunami tragedy, one might
get the impression that generosity abounds. Schoolchildren have donated
their allowances to victims of the disaster. Governments and major
corporations have pledged millions of dollars. The American Red Cross
and other charities have provided food, money and clothing. Churches
around the world have taken up special collections. Millions of dollars
have been raised over the Internet. But don’t be misled.
According to a report by Oxfam International in England, the world’s
richest countries donate an average of $80 per person to eradicate
poverty, the equivalent of a weekly cup of coffee. Even more
disturbing, the wealthier these countries have become, the less they
have given in aid. The disturbing findings are found in a recent
report titled, “Paying the Price: Why rich countries must invest now in
the war on poverty.” It observes: “Rich countries today give half as
much, as a proportion of their income, as they did in the 1960s. In
1960-65, rich countries spent on average 0.48 percent of their combined
national incomes on aid. By 1980-85 they were spending just 0.34
percent. By 2003, the average had dropped as low as 0.24 percent.” Wealthy
nations realize that it’s in their best interest, as well as that of
the affected countries, to help eliminate global poverty. In 2000, the
leaders and heads of state of 189 countries signed a Millennium
Declaration that established a series of goals to reduce poverty by
2015. The key targets were to: 1) Halve the proportion of people living
on less than $1 a day as well as the proportion suffering from hunger
by 2015, 2) Ensure that all children complete primary school by 2025,
3) Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by
2005 and in all levels of education by 2015; 4) Reduce the mortality
rate of children under 5 by two-thirds by 2015; 5) Reduce by
three-quarters, the ratio of women dying in childbirth by 2015; 6) Halt
and begin to reverse the incidence of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
by 2015; 7) Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without access to
safe drinking water and basic sanitation and 8) Develop a
non-discriminatory and rules-based trading system, provide more
generous aid and deal comprehensively with the debt problem. “A
vital aim of these goals is that the poorest countries will have the
finance needed to achieve them,” the report notes. “To do this, rich
countries have promised to provide a very small fraction of their
wealth – just 0.7 percent of their national income – and to improve the
way in which they give aid, to make it work best for poverty reduction,
and to end the burden of debt which means that low-income countries
must pay out $100 million every day to their creditors. For rich
country donors, making this finance available is not simply an act of
charity: it is both a moral obligation and a matter of justice…” Those are noble goals, but like many noble goals, the rhetoric exceeds reality. “…Progress
has been unforgivably slow,” the report observes. “Only one goal –
halving the income poverty – has any chance of being met, but even this
is due to progress in just a handful of countries. The first target –
enrolling all girls in primary and secondary school by 2005 – is
certain to be missed. The poorest people will pay the price for this
failure. If the world fails to act to meet even these minimal goals,
and current trends are allowed to continue: 45 million more children
will die between now and 2005, 247 million more people in the
sub-Saharan Africa will be living on less than $1 a day in 2015, 97
million more children will still be out of school in 2015 and 53
million more people in the world will lack proper sanitation
facilities.” Although the UN established the goal of allocating
0.7 percent of national income for poverty reduction in 1970, only five
of the 22 major donors – none from the seven most powerful nations –
are meeting the goal. Donating just 0.14 percent, the United States is
the least generous donor in terms of aid as a proportion of its wealth.
At the current rate, the U.S. will not reach the 0.7 percent goal until
2040. Before we dislocate our elbow while patting ourselves on
the back for the way we’ve reacted to the tsunami crisis, let’s rise to
the challenge of reducing world poverty when the international
spotlight is not on a graphic disaster.
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